Western Humanities Midterm Essay - 785 Words

Western Humanities Midterm Essay During the course I realized how large of a role art plays in helping create cultures and developing and preserving the history of civilizations. I find it interesting that when there’s no written history or any historical buildings, cultures will always make their own ancient past grander than what it really is. The Israelites, the Greeks and Romans all tell stories of their history that has no written proof. It seems that we as people want to have a connection to our roots and to understand where we come from. This is why I believe that most people want to believe in a higher power. I think that the timeline shows to some extent that art throughout history has been and still is the major form of†¦show more content†¦Until now, I didnt realize how much Islam influenced art and practically kick-started science. I learned that the Abbasid caliphs established the House of Wisdom, a center of leaning and science. They gathered manuscripts in Greek and Sanskrit along with scholars who could understand and translate them from the areas that they conquered. The Abbasids were the first ones to study and translate important Greek and Indian mathematical book like Euclids geometry text the Elements. They adopted a very Greek approach to mathematics of formulating theorems precisely and proving them formally in Euclids ways. Islamists wrote many influential books on mathematics of algebra that we still use today. One of the books described how to write numbers in calculations using the place-value decimal system which is what we use today. This concept was developed in India in A.D. 600’s which was translated and adopted by Arabic mathematicians. About 300 years later this book was translated into Latin and it became the major source for European academics to learn the new system. This system is known as the Hindu-Arabic system which is taught to schoolchildren around the world. It’s amazing that a system of calculations was brought to Europe from practically the other side of the world. I wonder how long it would have taken to figure out the same system without Muslim involvement. I find it fascinating how almost a millennia agoShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Trinity9485 Words   |  38 PagesTrinity with the â€Å"social model† to discover the strengths and weaknesses of each. Exploration of the theology of Jan Van Ruusbroec and Jonathan Edwards will highlight an alternative â€Å"hybrid model.† Global perspectives on the Trinity will illumine Western predispositions and encourage widened cultural perspectives that might further animate the mystery. The course will conclude by looking at post-modern questions that arise in response to the Trinitarian mystery. Ultimately, Christian identity isRead MoreCultural Comparison - Russia and US Education6674 Words   |  27 Pagesfrom admission to diploma takes 2–4 years. The dissertation paper should contain a solution of an existing scientific problem, or a practical proposal with significant economical or military potential.  The title is often perceived as equivalent to Western  Ph.D., although this may vary depending on the field of study, and may not be seen as such outside of Russia. Doktor nauk, the next stage, implies achieving significant scientific results. The dissertation paper should summarize the author s researchRead MoreHistory of Theatre Lesson Notes Essay5401 Words   |  22 Pagesof dynamisms and these ten to establish and perpetuate ritualized conventions that alter little over centuries of time. Western myth-dominant concern is the relationship between two types of beings-god and humans-and the tension between the roles assigned to each, world came to be seen primarily from the human point of view-as a place of conflict, change, and progress-with humanity as the principal agent both for good and evil. Eastern myth-people seek to transcend temporal limitations and achieveRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesGRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaperRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesrestaurants, theaters, and trains. If blacks were permitted to enter a facility, they had to use a separate entrance and sit in a separate section. Langston became an avid reader. His favorite magazine was Crisis, published by W.E.B. Du Bois, whose essays urged African Americans to preserve their heritage and to reject integration into the white community. Langstons favorite newspaper was the Chicago Defender, which published stories about racially motivated lynchings and other injustices. His favorite

The Importance of Donating Blood Essay - 1578 Words

The Importance of Donating Blood The birth of Chase changed our lives forever. We were not sure if we were able to have children and after 5 years of trying with not avail, Chase was born. He was 5 lbs. and 8 oz. He was so tiny and fragile, but the love we had for our son was enormous. When Chase turned five months old, the doctors told us that he had leukemia. They said it would take a miracle for him to see his 1st birthday. We as parents did not know what to do or who to turn for to help and guide us in the right directions. Chase would undergo many surgeries and need many pints of blood. It is often that people do not understand why donating blood is important part of life. What if Chase was your 5-month-old son? We need†¦show more content†¦Blood is a liquid that circulates throughout the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to every cell, and carrying away waste products. Blood plays an important role in fighting off unwanted infections that enter the body. The components of blood are red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Although blood is made of the same basic elements, not all blood is alike. In fact, there are eight common red blood cell types, A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-. Type O blood is a universal donor and is always in demand, because of these different types of blood variations it is of great importance that everyone who can, donate. There are four common types of blood donations, in which you can participate. (American Association of Blood Banks) The most common type of donating is whole blood, which is always in need. This procedure last for about 45 minutes. There are trained people collecting your blood, and are very cautious and safe. The way that they collected your blood is that they ask you several questions to determine your eligibility. You then receive your own collections bags and needle. At no time do you have to worry about confused with someone else, or catching any diseases. You can call your local area Red Cross Center (www.bloodct.org/blood.htm) or hospital to find out when and where donations are given. Another type is donating skin tissue, which can potentially benefit as many as 50 people per each donation. This is theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Donating Blood1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Donating Blood ATTENTION: I’d like to ask you to completely clear your mind for a moment. Now, imagine your father has just suffered a heart attack and must undergo open-heart surgery in order to repair the damage. Imagine your little nephew or niece was born with a heart defect and required daily transfusions of blood in order to have a chance at survival. Imagine your best friend has just been diagnosed with leukemia, a disease requiring regular transfusions of platelets. TheseRead MoreHow to Give a Successful Donation of Blood Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesBlood, that red life fluid involved with the creation of life, it is quite common yet not everybody has enough. As a good citizen, it is your responsibility to give what others need for life. The Red Cross has regular donation times and travels around to schools, offices, and cities quite often. Giving blood may be scary for some, but in time this will pass. There are a few things you can do to make your first time giving blood easier on your m ind and body. Blood is a liquid that is supplementedRead MoreImportance of Blood Donation Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesI want to talk to you about the importance of donating blood. Some of you may know a friend or even a family member who has received blood at some time. I for one have received blood and I often wonder who took the time to donate it. According to the Journal of American Medical Association, it is noted that just 1 pint of blood can save three lives. Why You Should Give Giving blood does not just benefit recipients. Regardless of age, donating blood offers many benefits for donors. It lets you: Read MoreDefinitions For Blood Donation746 Words   |  3 Pagesstudy for the blood donation. Males appeared more willing to donate blood than females, but most respondents in each race-gender group were willing to donate except for black females. The donation for cadaveric organs, most white respondents had identified themselves as organ donors on their driver’s licenses or donor cards, whereas less than most black persons had identified themselves as donors. The factors explaining race and gender disparities in willingness to donate for blood donation adjustmentRead MoreThe Medical Technician On The Ambulance977 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the American Red Cross website, by donating blood, you can save up to three lives! Going into Occupational Therapy, I work with many patients who have undergone traumatic injury. Many of them would not be h ere today if it weren’t for blood transfusions. I know the importance of donating blood and today, I would like to inform you about blood donation and convince you to donate blood before the summer comes to an end. I will tell you how donating blood can benefit the recipient, explain whatRead MoreBlood Shortage And Fda Policy Limitations Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesBlood Shortage and FDA Policy Limitations Our nation has a major blood shortage which results in a national health crisis. States all over the nation are reporting the need for blood donors and the importance of having donors to help those who are directly affected. There has been a recent rise in shortage due to the increased demand of high complex surgeries which require a large supply of blood. McMillan reports, â€Å"just one liver transplant can take 120 units of donated blood† (Zabarenko, 2016)Read MoreCause and Effect Analysis: Advertising for Blood Donation1188 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of advertising for blood donation Introduction To encourage people to donate blood, there is need to advertise and make people understand the effects of blood donation. Advertising encourages people to donate blood and can also be used as a reminder. Donating blood ensures that there is enough blood in the blood banks, in case of an emergency blood requirement. Showing people that by them donating blood they could be saving a life will encourage people to donate blood more frequently. This paperRead MoreDonating Blood Saves Lives. The Canadian Blood Services1592 Words   |  7 PagesDonating blood saves lives. The Canadian Blood Services was established in 1988, and is the regulator and collector of blood donations across the country to be used for surgeries, leukemia treatment, accidents, and anemia to name a few (Canadian Blood Services, 2017g, CBC News, 2013). Under the Canadian Blood Services they have strict guidelines as to who can donate, and how often which is continuously changing to ensure safety of both donors and pot ential recipients. However, over the past numberRead MoreBanning Blood Donation Process ( Mcadam Parker )1597 Words   |  7 PagesA thirty year old ban on homosexuals from donating blood has been lifted but not entirely abolished by FDA. It has taken tremendous efforts and time to end the discrimination against homosexual men to donate blood in United States. Since 1977, FDA had disqualified homosexual men or any man who had sex with another man even once from donating blood. This was due to the unreasonable and unfounded fear of contracting and transmitting HIV/AIDS. There was not enough information available from the governmentRead Moreinformative speech BLOOD DONATION Essay702 Words   |  3 Pagesneed of blood? So technically every 2 second you have the chance to save a life. Have you ever dreamed for one second of saving someone’s life? Have you ever said: ‘I want to be a hero? Well ladies and gentlemen, today I bring you an easy way to check this task off your bucket list. It’s called: BLOOD DONATION. I am going to show you today the importance of blood donation on your body but first I am going to tell you if you are eligible to donate. As you all know there are different blood types.

Jean Piaget And Erik Erikson Essay - 1187 Words

Currently, teachers still are using theorists work when dealing with children in a school setting. Both Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson were great Theorists, that works help us understand children’s thought processes and skill sets. Teachers are interacting with their students based on developmental and skill age-appropriateness, while incorporating foundations of theorist teachings. A child-theorist’s research can provide an understanding of how and why children behave, as well as how they process information. Erik Erickson’s 8 Stages of Development provided a timeline for stages people’s minds go through by their age. Jean Piaget’s came up with the four stages of mental and physical development, that help us recognize children’s behaviors and abilities at certain ages as well as examples of how children learn and interact with these developed skills. After reading about both theorists, I believe Jean Piaget’s work is more relatable when determining that a behavior or skill of a student is age-appropriate. Jean Piaget was a biologists and psychologist born in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland on 1896. According to biography.com: â€Å"Over the course of his later career in child psychology, he identified four stages of mental development that chronicled young people s journeys from basic object identification to highly abstract thought.† (biography.com). Having this valuable information as a teacher, can help teachers interact positively with their students. Teachers can plan curriculaShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson And Jean Piaget s Theories Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson and Jean Piaget are quite similar in their theories. Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory is only slightly different than Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Both theorists use the idea of developmental stages. Although the stages vary in what they entail, the carry the same idea of progressive development. Jean Piaget was born September 16, 1980, in Switzerland. His research found â€Å"that the growth of knowledge is a progressive construction of logically embedded structures superseding oneRead MoreThe Developmental Theories By Erik Erikson And Jean Piaget1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss the two major developmental theories by Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget. The nature of development itself is dynamic, changing, exciting and challenging. â€Å"Before we can think about the world and our experiences we must first get to know it. We need to be abl e to have certain basic concepts in place, have ways of communicating effectively and understand differences between all types of life experiences we encounter† (Robinson, 2008, 13). Erikson believed that external factors such as parentsRead MoreThe Developmental Theories of Jean Piaget, Sigmund Freud, and Erik Erikson1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe developmental theories of Jean Piaget, Sigmund Freud, and Erik Erikson Jean Piaget, Sigmund Freud, and Erik Erikson are all respected theorists in the study of psychology. All three have theories that help to explain why and how children develop into adolescents and adult hood. Although all three provide their own theories on this subject each theory shares similarities and differences with one another. Having a better understanding of each theory and the theorist will lend a better understandingRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Jean Piaget once asked, â€Å"Are we forming children who are only capable of learning what is already known?† With there being so many theoriest whose research and ideas have made an impact on early childhood education. Knowing the teoriests and the ideas that they had is vital in the education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidenceRead MoreEssay on Stand by Me1067 Words   |  5 Pagesadolescence. The theories of Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Erik Erikson are clearly exemplified in Gordy, Chris, Teddy, and Vern throughout the movie. The four kids are identical to one stage each of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, and Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. By the end of the movie, you see a character change in Gordy and Chris Gordy The stage of development theorized by Piaget that is most identical toRead MoreCognitive Development And Erik Erikson s 8 Stages Of Psychosocial Development1788 Words   |  8 Pages Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of Cognitive Development and Erik Erikson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development Developmental is understood as the act or process of developing; progress such as child developmental. When children go through the process of developing, they all develop the same regardless of what state or country there from. The way children develop has been studied by two psychologists’ name Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson and they both develop a theory of how children developRead MorePsy 203 Week 3 Essay639 Words   |  3 Pagesdevelopment throughout the lifespan. a. Sigmund Freud b. Erik Erickson c. Jean Piaget d. Albert Bandura 6. Children tend to view the world based on their personal perspectives. The term for this is a. centration b. egocentrism c. ego identity d. narcissism 7. ___________ developed his theories on human development by observing his own children interact with the world. a. Jean Piaget b. Albert Bandera c. Erik Erikson d. Lev Vygotsky 8. ______________ theorized that childrenRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory. 1. The first Human development theory is that of Jean Piaget’s, who believed that all human development and behavior was the product of consistent and reliable patterns of interactions with the environment called schemas. Piaget divided his Theory of Cognitive development into four stages. Each stage is characterizedRead MorePiaget Of The Child : Theories Of Development Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences must be considered. Piaget believes theorists that focus on the mind are called cognitive theorists. Piaget was most interested in how children think. Piaget describes stages of cognitive development stages that occur in succession always in the same order from the reflexive movements of very youthful infants to the trial-and-error approach for adolescent children, to the thought-out reasoning of the early adolescent (Jean Piaget, 1896-1980). Erik Erikson believed behavior as more relatedRead MoreCognitive And Psychosocial Characteristics Of The Infancy Lifespan Stage1322 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowth and development, therefore adequate nutrition and health promotion is mandatory. This essay will describe the physical, cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of the infancy lifespan stage, briefly describe two lifespan theorists, Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget, in relevance to infancy and discuss two health behaviours, nutrition and vaccination in relation to the infancy lifespan stage. The first few months of an infant’s life is the most rapid time of growth. They go through physical changes

Legal Feasibility of Probation After Appeal Under...

LEGAL FEASIBILITY OF PROBATION AFTER APPEAL UNDER PHILIPPINE LAWS Probation is a remedy which offenders must avail of at the first opportunity. As presently worded, the Probation Law requires that the application for probation must be filed within the period for perfecting an appeal. Thus, the filing of an appeal and an application for probation are mutually exclusive remedies, such that recourse to one necessarily bars resort to the other – as each will operate as an automatic waiver of the other. Despite what appears to be the clear and categorical wording of Section 4 of the Probation Law that â€Å"no application for probation shall be entertained or granted if the defendant has perfected the appeal from the judgment of conviction,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The modification of the penalty imposed on appellant brought him outside the sphere of the disqualification provided by law.† (as originally emphasized) In resolving the motion for leave to apply for probation, the Court of Appeals ruled: â€Å"We agree with the above observations of the Office of the Solicitor General. And we would like to add that the reasons of PD 1990 for amending PD 968 by disqualifying a defendant who has perfected an appeal from the judgment of conviction against him from applying for probation are: â€Å"’WHEREAS, the time, effort and expenses of the Government in investigating and prosecuting accused persons from the lower courts up to the Supreme Court, are oftentimes rendered nugatory when, after the appellate Court finally affirms the judgment of conviction, the defendant applies for and is granted probation; â€Å"’WHEREAS, probation was not intended as an escape hatch and should not be used to obstruct and delay the administration of justice, but should be availed of at the first opportunity by offenders who are willing to be reformed andShow MoreRelatedBusiness in Singapore30736 Words   |  123 PagesDoing Business in Singapore DOING BUSINESS IN SINGAPORE 1 CONTENTS 3 4 11 FOREWORD INTRODUCTION - Getting to know Singapore OVERVIEW OF LEGAL ENVIRONMENT - Legal Framework - Handling Civil Disputes - Employment - Immigration - Competition Act - Singapores Free Trade Agreement (FTAs) STARTING A BUSINESS BANKING RELATIONSHIP IN SINGAPORE - Introduction to the Financial Landscape in Singapore - Banking in Singapore - Business Credit Facilities - Business Protection TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONSRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 Pagesdeliberate and planned? What is Strategic HRM? What are the outcomes of an HR strategy? What different models are there of HR strategy? How is Strategic HRM Different from Other Aspects of HRM? So what determines an organisation s HRM strategy? Is legal compliance strategic? So is responding to ethical issues strategic? So is corporate social responsibility strategic? Page 2 2 3 5 6 6 7 12 12 13 14 14 B. C. D. E. How Does Research Show that Strategic HRM Adds Value to an OrganisationRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesreverse a decline? KPMG (A) – managing change in professional services. Xerox – difficulties with leadership at the global giant. UNHCR – managing change in a global not-for-profit organisation. Burtons (A,B,C) – three stages of a retailer’s development under different leaders. Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary focus Introduction to strategy Business environment: general Five forces analysis Capability analysis Corporate governance Stakeholder expectations Social responsibility Culture CompetitiveRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pageselectronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher

Womens And Childrens Health Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Women's And Children's Health. Answer: The following recommendations are made with regard to reducing injuries to women and children in South Asia. Adopt better education methods about injury especially to women and children The first step that should be taken to promote safety behavior among women and children. This will also help them change their behavior accordingly with regard to their environment. In South Asia, it has been found out that some of the injuries on women and children are as a result of weak cultural philosophies. Women are found to suffer domestic violence and abuse that comes from their low social status. Education will help them avoid practices that will risk inflicting injuries. At their places of work, education by use of posters, will promote behaviors that help women to avoid injuries. Children in south Asia always get injured during labor and related practices that they get involved in. Injuries resulting from traffic accidents were found to be a concerning cause of injury to children. Education system that promote child pedestrian training will play a vital role in reducing children injuries emanating from accidents [5]. It is recommended that issues such as entitlement, provision of basic needs and general empowerment of women will help curb the problem. Women in south Asia often find themselves with duties to provide for their families. Since most of them are completely illiterate or semi illiterate, it is hard for them to find formal employment. They go ahead to do risky and long hours, tiring jobs that mostly leave them injured. Entitlement of women and children to basic needs will mitigate injuries which result from hard labor [3]. Empowerment of women through initiatives that will bring dignity to women in Asia will be a great step in curbing the menace of injuries. Law enforcement Enforcement of laws will help boost injury control measures where voluntary acceptance to protect oneself is difficult to achieve. Adoption of better laws that will prevent women and children from activities that expose them to injuries will be important. Women and children in South Asia suffer injuries that are as a result of corporal punishments in the male leadership dominated society. The issue of child labor which is rampant in this region should be addressed by adoption of laws that prohibit child labor .There are few or no effective laws to follow in case of injuries from harsh punishments. Women and children neither report nor seek medical care when they face such harassments [1]. Adoption of clear rules and laws has been found to be a sure way of injuries control. Enforcement and implementation of laws have been found reduce injuries by great extent Encourage better engineering and design of tools, equipment and products. Injuries among women and children in south Asia can be prevented by engineering and designing of safe to use instruments, tools and products. More effective and less crude tools will reduce injuries to women and children using such tools. In south Asia, children getting involved in labor is a normal occurrence. Children are forced to work in farms and industries in most inhumane treatment. It has been found out that in addition to injury due to exhaustion and fatigue, tools used are a major cause of injuries. Women often are weak compared to men and the effects of injuries resulting from use of crude tools are more serious in women and children than they are in men. To reduce these injuries, use of safety equipment that are well designed will help [4]. In Taiwan, use of properly designed helmets reduces injuries by more than 60% and reduced mortality by 14 % Initiatives all over the word aimed to minimize sufferings and destruction of properties. Injuries from natural forces which are common in south Asia have been found to be widespread among the population especially in women and children. Such injuries mostly take long to heal or in the worst case the victims have to live with them for rest of their lives [2]. Natural calamities such as floods, earthquakes and cyclones are the common natural causes of injuries. When such calamities happen, women and children are usually trapped and it becomes hard for them to protect themselves. Furthermore, given the fact that most parts of the region are poverty stricken, there are no adequate measures to boost quick rescue response in case of such calamities [6]. Initiatives to curb destructions and to reduce deaths and injuries need to be undertaken. Such initiatives should involve rescue programs with mobile clinics, equipped well enough so that vulnerable women and children gets medical care soonest possible. Develop community based suicide prevention programs. All individuals that commit suicide at either South Asia or the world at large come from specific community backgrounds where they are understood by their fellow community men and women. To help reduce suicidal cases in this region, the government and other concerned well-wishers or stakeholders should encourage development of community based social programs. Provide social support which is a major aspect of these programs as a way of encouraging people to live and the importance for them living. Through these programs, records of issues leading to increased cases of suicide in the area will be taken, importantly to help keep track of the measures enhanced to reduce the rates [7]. Understanding the main reasons for these high rates through record keeping from different community individuals is important to enhance new measures in solving these issues from time to time especially those affecting children and women will help reduce the high rates of suicide cases. References Mahapatra N. South Asian Women in the U.S. and their Experience of Domestic Violence. Journal of Family Violence [serial on the Internet]. (2012, July), [cited October 3, 2017]; 27(5): 381-390. Available from: Academic Search Premier. Mathur R, Pleim J, Hogrefe C, Chuen-Meei G, Wong D, Jiming H, et al. Historical Trends in PM2.5-Related Premature Mortality during 1990-2010 across the Northern Hemisphere. Environmental Health Perspectives [serial on the Internet]. (2017, Mar), [cited October 3, 2017]; 125(3): 400-408. Available from: GreenFILE. Berry J, Schwebel D. Configural Approaches to Temperament Assessment: Implications for Predicting Risk of Unintentional Injury in Children. Journal of Personality [serial on the Internet]. (2009, Oct), [cited October 3, 2017]; 77(5): 1381-1410. Available from: Academic Search Premier. Kirkwood G, Parekh N, Pollock A. Preventing injury in children and adolescents. Trauma [serial on the Internet]. (2010, Oct), [cited October 3, 2017]; 12(4): 221-238. Available from: Academic Search Premier. Alam K, Mahal A. The Economic Burden of Road Traffic Injuries on Households in South Asia. Plos ONE [serial on the Internet]. (2016), [cited October 3, 2017]; (10): Available from: Academic OneFile. Javaid Z, Arshad M, Khalid A. Child Protection in Disaster Management in South Asia: A Case Study of Pakistan. South Asian Studies (1026-678X) [serial on the Internet]. (2011, Jan), [cited October 3, 2017]; 26(1): 191-202. Available from: Academic Search Premier. Chang SS, Stuckler D, Yip P, Gunnell D. Impact of 2008 global economic crisis on suicide: time trend study in 54 countries. Bmj. 2013 Sep 17;347:f5239.

Media Manipulation free essay sample

Misleading the Public: A New Kind of Public Relation â€Å"It’s all, you know†¦thinking ahead. Thinking ahead. That’s what producing is. It’s like being a plumber. You do your job right, nobody should notice. † These words are script from the movie ‘Wag the Dog’ which directed by Barry Levinson. Have you ever thought that your beliefs are manipulated? The movie ‘Wag the Dog’ is about the U. S. president’s story which has an election in a few days and causes sex scandal with a high school girl who visited White House for school’s field trip. The U. S. ass media starts blaming and criticizing the U. S. President. Thus, the President’s administration hires a famous Hollywood producer secretly to manipulate the U. S. mass media. By making a faked War with computer graphic technologies and broadcasting war scenes on television, Americans’ concern about the President’s scandal move to war. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Manipulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, the scandal issue becomes raging out and the President’s approval rating increases radically. People are easy to forget what happened before when they meet new issues that more affect their life such as poisoned foods, nature disasters and War.Mass media sometimes use these people’s characteristics to change people’s concern and interest and get more attention and support. However, it is difficult for people to aware of the manipulation of mass media. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; of abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (United States of America). This is text from the first amendment of the U.S. constitution. In this paper, I will discuss how mass media plays a role of manipulating truth and cheating people who are not aware of these manipulations in giving example of Iraq War and CIA. Then, I will analyze how people’s freedom of speech and press is threatened by the U. S. mass media. One side, Iraq war was manipulated by mass media and the Bush administration used to mass media to justify the invasion of Iraq. There were many antiwar movements against the Bush administration’s decision that responds of September 11 attacks of Iraq War.Protests against Iraq War asserted that Iraq War basically violates international law and human rights. â€Å"International ANSWER which is organized the first post-September 11th national anti-war demonstration on September 29, 2001, drawing over 25,000 protesters to Washington, D. C. to protest and â€Å"warn that the Bush Administration’s war policies were a risk to world peace† (Simonson 7). However, the bush administration and the U. S. mass media kept asserting that the purpose of Iraq war is the regime change that gives Iraq people freedom and liberty and the country would be signal of one of freedom countries in the Middle East.However, according to the top Bush officials, â€Å"the invasion of Iraq even before Bush took office, but waited until September 2002 to inform the public, through what the White House termed a product launch† (Rampton and Stauber). In addition, in justifying the invasion of Iraq War to Americans including Protestants against Iraq War, the U. S. mass media coverage reported wrong information repeatedly. For example, Washington Post publicized the headline of â€Å"Iraqis Celebrate in Baghdad† instead of giving truth that Iraq people think about American as their liberator, not their enemy and Muslim Cleric were friendly to the Americans.The U. S mass media continued describing Iraq people as aggressive and dangerous. Moreover, the U. S. mass media broadcasted that the 20,000 Iraqi people rallied to oppose the U. S. military presence which is not true (Rampton and Stauber). By covering mass media’s intention to lie, how would Americans know what is real happening? Iraq War is one of representative examples of people’s freedom of press and speech is violated. In the case of Iraq War, mass media plays a role of cheating Americans in telling lies. Another example is the manipulation of mass media by CIA. Mary Louise states, â€Å"the CIA’s secret actives, covert missions and connections of control are all done under the pretense and protection of national security with no accountability whatsoever, at least in their minds† (Louise). CIA uses every trick to complete their activities. According to the Association for Responsible Dissent, 6 million people were died until 1987 because of CIA covert operation. Moreover, CIA formed Office of Policy Coordination which was formed for covert action and people who served as director of this department were elites such as Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles, Richard Helms and Philip Graham.Since late 1940s, Operation Mockingbird which was the secret project by CIA was started with intentionally buying influence of major outlets. Elite directors ordered to recruit American news organization and become spies to journalists. Most of major media such as ABC, NBC, CBS, Newsweek, Associated Press, United Press International, Reuters, Hearst News papers, Scripps-Howard, etc and 400 journalists joined with Operation Mockingbird of CIA and accomplished their assignments secretly. Thus, most of news was controlled by government.In addition, by pressure about deregulating and privatizing from the IMF, World Bank and US government, a small number of super-powerful media corporation control global commercial media system which cause global markets and the CIA agenda. In addition, according to Ralph McGehee who worked for CIA agent for 25 years in South-East Asia, he saw bombing and napalming of village and this experience was one way for him to examine what really CIA is about. Ralph wrote about Vietnam’s Phoenix Program and published the book â€Å"Deadly Deceits† in 1983 with long efforts for CIA censors.He was harassed by CIA and FBI with bodily injury. He claimed that CIA never has been central intelligence agency. CIA was full of covert action arm of the President’s foreign policy advisors that provide disinformation and American citizens are first target of their lies. In addition, CIA involved with drug traffickers in Italy, France, Corsica, Indochina, Afghanistan and Central and South America for more than 40 years (Parenti). Extended congressional investigations handled these activities and these are matters of public record.For instance, San Jose Mercury News published series of news about CIA-Contra crack shipments which flooded East side of Los Angeles in 1996 and major mass media restrain these news. However, because these stories were already known to people, these series could not be hidden and mass media started its assault. Many media such as Washington Post, The New York Times and PBS broadcasted that â€Å"there was no evidence of CIA involvement† and described San Jose Mercury News as â€Å"bad journalism†. In the modern age, in which the Mass media is so influential, it has become an effective tool for â€Å"informing† the public.However, this information is not just facts. This information comes with values injected into it, either from the network itself or the people giving the news. Media manipulation is now one of the most effective tools (as it has been since the administration of Franklin Roosevelt) of shaping public opinion, which is the cornerstone of a free country and democracy. Roosevelt personally oversaw that, for example, stories of devastating U-boat attacks in 1942 were never printed. This was done in the interest of maintaining wartime moral, and keeping a positive image of his presidency despite his declining health (Dirck 63).In modern times, we see the same thing happening. We see public opinion being engineered by sophisticated public relations campaigns between the government and the people. These campaigns deemphasize concrete successes and put in their place ideological slogans and triumphant images. It is beyond doubt that the federal government has the power to directly influence mass media and shape public opinion. It is simply a matter of discovering to what extent this is happening at the current moment and what effect it is having on the course being taken.But one needs to recognize that the media does not need to be â€Å"biased† in order to present a dangerously destructive view of the world. Public opinion and public ignorance go hand in hand, and the media plays a role in both. Sometimes, the media can be influenced by some organization, like the government or a corporation. But often there is no direct manipulation; rather, just a complete failure to present the facts as they are. While it is very often tricky differentiating between deliberate and non-deliberate misinformation, it is far more difficult identifying what is misinformation and what is a mistake. Numerous examples, like morphing al-Qaeda into Iraqis and running â€Å"War on Terror† banners both while reporting on Afghanistan and Iraq, serve to show this difficulty. Regardless, the public is still being misinformed and it is equally as dangerous. A University of Maryland study found that consumers getting news from commercial television were very likely to hold at least one of three fundamental â€Å"misperceptions† (namely, that Iraq had been directly linked with the 9/11 terrorist attacks, that WMDs had been found, or that world opinion favored an American invasion of Iraq) (Cohen).This misperceptions stand in the way of any useful discussion on whether a war in Iraq is either necessary or justifiable. A free and unbiased media that presents facts as facts (and not values as facts) is a necessary condition for any functional democracy. The rise of mass media and more accessible forms of media has made it easier for it to occur on massive scales, which poses an even greater danger. History is a source full of examples: for centuries governments have seized control over seemingly impartial agencies and manipulated their message for their own purposes. Prevention of this is written into the United States Constitution; however, the methods of subverting the first amendment are more subtle. It occurs by mixing misinformation with factual information such that the majority of what we hear is real, but corrupted with propaganda. Citizens develop a trust of a particular source of news and cannot look past the lies. A democracy cannot exist without a free-standing media because the whole point of a democracy is that the citizens have the information they need to make informed decisions about their representatives.This condition is not met when the information is not available to them and making an informed decision is impossible. Manipulation of the media is most likely to arise in wartime, as was the case with World War II and is the case with the Iraq War. Such manipulation is designed to boost morale and provide a positive image of the war as to avoid criticism for its high costs. As a result the public cannot decide what is true and what is not, and takes the images the media gives to be descriptive of the whole situation. Like in the case of the Iraq War, the enemy is marginalized and treated as complete enemies.